Graffiti Verite' Website - Graffiti Art Therapy, Page 4 of 4

Graffiti Art Therapy

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METHODOLOGY

The subjects for this study are all adolescent boys who have been put on probation for defacing public property with graffiti. Only those subjects who return the adolescent and parental consent form are eligible for the study. Those subjects participate in a six week art therapy group facilitated by the principal investigator, a graduate psychology and art therapy student and co-faciltated by a legitimate graffiti artist/youth worker.

Prior to participating in the workshop, subjects fill out the Adolescent Treatment Outcome Module (ATOM) Baseline Assessment questionnaire. Upon completion of the art therapy group, after six weeks, subjects fill out the ATOM Follow-up Assessment questionnaire. A control group of adolescent graffiti offenders who do not participate in the art therapy group are also administered the baseline assessment test prior to the six week period and then the follow-up at the end of the six week period. Treatment effectiveness is determined, in part, by comparing pre and post scores of both the art therapy group participants and the members of the control group in a quantitative analysis. In addition, art therapy group subjects keep a journal, recording their thoughts, feelings and ideas resulting from their participation in the art therapy group. With subject’s written consent, the art therapy journals provide data for a qualitative analysis of the treatment outcomes.

REFERENCES

Amdur, R., Davidson, W., Mitchell, C. & Redner, R. (1990). Alternative treatments for troubled youth: The case of diversion from the justice system. New York: Plenum Press.

Austin, J. (2001). Taking the train: How graffiti art became an urban crisis in new york city. New York: Columbia University Press.

Belfer, M.L. (1990). Psychopathology, normality, and creativity in adolescence. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 13(3), 557-561.

Berkovitz, I. (1972). Adolescents grow in groups. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Blos, P. (1962). On adolescence. New York: Free Press.

Bryan, Bob (Director / Producer The Graffiti Verite' Documentary Video Series (1995-2004)

Elikann, P. (1999). Superpredators: The demonization of our children by the law. New York: Plenum Press.

Esman, A. (1983). The psychiatric treatment of adolescents. New York: International
Universities Press.

Fliegel, L. (2000). An unfound door: Reconceptualizing art therapy as a community-linked treatment. American Journal of Art Therapy, 38, 81-88.

Flowers, R. B. (1990). The adolescent criminal: An examination of today’s juvenile
offender. North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc.

Frayn, D. (2000). Toronto graffiti. Retrieved October 17, 2002, from http://www.psycholanalyst.ca/gt.html.

Hanna, F., Hanna, C. & Keys, S. (1999). Fifty strategies for counseling defiant, aggressive, adolescents: Reaching, accepting, and relating. Journal of Counseling and Development , 77(4), 395-404.

Kramer, E. (2001). Sublimation and art therapy. In J.A. Rubin (Ed.), Approaches to art
therapy: Theory and technique (pp.28-39). Michigan: Sheridan Books.

Landgarten, H. (1981). Clinical art therapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel.

Linesch, D. (1988). Adolescent art therapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel.

Newberger, E. (1999) The men they will become. Massachusetts: Perseus Books.

Riley, S. (2001). Group process made visible: Group art therapy. Michigan: Sheridan Books.

Stowers, G. (1997). Graffiti art: An essay concerning the recognition of some forms of graffiti as art. Miami: Author. Retrieved October, 2002, from http://www.graffiti.org/faq/stowers.html.

Tobin, K. (1995). A modern perspective on graffiti. Retrieved October 19, 2002, from
http://www.graffiti.org/faq/tobin.html.

Tucker, D. Graffiti: Art and crime. Retrieved October 19, 2002. www.graffiti.org/faq/tucker.html.

OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

Graffiti: For the purpose of this study, graffiti will refer to the stylized spraycan art form of Writing culture, whether legal or illegal. Writing: The practice of doing graffiti art. A culture of its own within the culture of Hip-Hop.
Writer: A person who writes graffiti.

HYPOTHESIS

There will be a significant difference between pre and post scores on the Adolescent Treatment Outcomes Module (ATOM), with the post scores scoring significantly higher than the pre scores with adolescent boys who have been put on probation for graffiti and participated in a six week graffiti art therapy group.

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